Friday, May 15, 2020
The Role of Technology in Huxleys Brave New World Essay
Technology, which has brought mankind from the Stone Age to the 21st century, can also ruin the life of peoples. In the novel Brave New World, the author Aldous Huxley shows us what technology can do if we exercise it too much. From the novel we can see that humans can lose humanity if we rely on technology too much. In the novel, the author sets the world in the future where everything is being controlled by technology. This world seems to be a very perfectly working utopian society that does not have any disease, war, problems, crisis but it is also a sad society with no feelings, emotions or human characteristics. This is a very scary society because everything is being controlled even before someone is born, in test tube, where theyâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦They didnââ¬â¢t sent them to school to learn new things rather provide shock. Therefore, technology is so harmful and so disturbing in this society that the people are not themselves. In this novel, we can see how technology can affect the person ever since they are in a test tube. Technology is used so excessively that they can determine how smart or intelligent you are going to be. This can make you the smartest person in the whole world or the not so smart person. As stated by Mr. Foster, ââ¬Å"The Lowerâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..the oxygenâ⬠(11). He is trying to imply that even if you try to become smarter than you are you cannot do such deal because you were already destined to how smart you can be. It is predetermined and there is nothing you could do to stop it. The process is all done while you are still an embryo. The height, weight, size, color, and even their intelligence level is determined before they are born. One of the most usefulness of technology in this book is sleep teaching. This is a process where someone is exposed to certain information they are to know and they have to listen it for numerous hours so they could get it stuck in their head. When they wake up, its already in their head like they were so conditioned for it that they did not even have to put any effort to get it memorized. This is a pretty nice process but you might be only conditioned to stuff that the government think is going to be right for their benefit. They are not going to do anything that will cause aShow MoreRelatedAldous Huxley 51128 Words à |à 5 PagesWhen Aldous Huxley wrote Brave New World in 1931, nobody imagined that his fairytale story would someday be a reality. It is almost scary to see how accurate Huxleys far-fetched fantasies came to be. When Huxley wrote about the conformity, drug use and sex and technology of the society, he was almost pinpoint exact to predicting todays societies. Unfor tunately, all of these things havent exactly changed our society today for the better. It is amazing to see how accurately Aldous HuxleyRead MoreThe Island Of Dr. Moreau, Wells And Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1492 Words à |à 6 Pagesattempts to perfect every aspect of society. Technology without laws holds the danger to eliminate individuality and ultimately requires humans to assimilate to a new standard without error and within the bounds of scientific advancement. In H.G. Wellsââ¬â¢ novel The Island of Dr. Moreau, Wells argues the influence technology has on human nature and the power it holds when conducted without law. Similarly, Aldous Huxley presents a dystopia in his novel Brave New World, which is intended to be conceived as paradiseRead MoreThe Potential Effects of Developing Technology Essay1282 Words à |à 6 PagesTechnology is a tool created by the human race to enhance its ability to learn and grow as a collective group. Humans taper these tools, created through technological process, to their uniquely specific needs. Technology, when used in a morally sound way, can have immense benefits that help a culture grow and develop effectively as demonstrated by the society in Aldous Huxleyââ¬â¢s novel Brave New World; however technology can be a double edged sword in the sense that it has the power to destroy asRead MoreEssay about Brave New World: The Destruction of Family1492 Words à |à 6 PagesAs in Brave New World, Aldous Huxley illustrates the destruction of the idea of family in this ââ¬â¢perfect worldââ¬Ë. People in the world today have the ability to express love and obtain a family. Huxley explores the futuristic outlook on a world (in many ways similar to ours) that would not allow such humanistic traits. Science is so called the ââ¬â¢father of progressââ¬â¢ and yet the development of Fordism and the evolution of artificial fertilization deteriorates the social value of science. Brave New WorldRead MoreBlade Runner and New Brave Worlds Perspectives on Humanity Essay1297 Words à |à 6 PagesBlade Runner and New Brave Worlds Perspectives on Humanity Ridley Scottââ¬â¢s film ââ¬Å"Blade Runner: Directorââ¬â¢s Cutâ⬠and Aldous Huxleyââ¬â¢s novel ââ¬Å"Brave New Worldâ⬠explore the concept of ââ¬ËIn The Wildââ¬â¢ by focusing on the natural world and its rhythms falling victim to unbridled scientific development. They present a wedge that is divorcing manRead MoreHuxleys Critique of Capitalism in Brave New World1233 Words à |à 5 PagesIn his novel Brave New World, Aldous Huxley confronts the way in which mass production and capitalism serve to disempower the individual by cementing a self-reinforcing system of consumption and production wherein the individual is reduced to his or her utilitarian function. Although the novel touches on a number of ways in which the individual is disempowered and commodified in contemporary society, from pacifying drugs to an overreliance on technology, Huxleys critique of capitalism remains theRead MoreBrave New World Discussion Questions1321 Words à |à 6 PagesBrave New World Discussion Questions Question 1: Each novel immerses us, instantly, into a world that simultaneously is foreign and familiar. Establish the characteristics of the society that the author creates and analyze the intricacies (complexities) of the society being presented. In what ways is it like and unlike our own society? In Aldous Huxleyââ¬â¢s science fiction novel Brave New World, a distinct society is illustrated. The author depicts a civilization that is specifically based on severalRead MoreBrave New World Vs. Today Essay717 Words à |à 3 Pages Close your eyes and imagine a world free of war, suffering and pain; an environment that provides all the necessary luxuries to maintain eternal happiness; one that is stable, friendly, peaceful and enjoyable. In this world, every inconvenience known to man is rid of. We are no longer affected by disease, aging, heartbreak, depression or loneliness; conformity is at hand and stability is achieved. Now envision a world where there is no love, families do not exist, humans are no longerRead MoreThe New World And Fahrenheit 451 Essay864 Words à |à 4 Pagesanything.â⬠The formation of an individualââ¬â¢s beliefs, sense of belonging, and sense of community all stem from the realization of self identification. Brave New World and Fahrenheit 451 both depict a futuristic society where self identification is either being stripped from citizens or has been completely eradicated altogether. The rise of technology in both societies has usurped the importance of knowledge and personal experiences in regards to personal identity formation. This war on self identityRead MoreA Brave New Word by Aldous Huxley634 Words à |à 3 PagesIn Aldous Huxleyââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Brave New Worldâ⬠, the idea that a utopian society cannot exist without constant consumption is constantly juxtaposed. This reliance on consumption was created by weaning out the concepts of nature, religion, and self. The people of the ââ¬Å"Brave New Worldâ⬠have no choice but to consume if they want to have any form of contentment with their lives. However, there is one character who is not content with consumption to see that the concept of consumption and utopia cannot go hand
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Obedience, By Stanley Milgram - 853 Words
Obedience is practiced everyday throughout everyone s life. It has been engraved in everyone growing up. Students are taught at an early age to obey the higher authorityââ¬â¢s commands in school, at home, and in public whether it is the teacher, principal, police officer, and even other parents. Additionally, parents too have to practice obedience. They must be follow orders from their bosses, and they must obey the laws. As a result, obedience becomes second nature, which exposes everyone to problems. The problems are unknown to everyone because being obedience appears to be the correct thing to do, so one obeys without thinking or gives in to the authority figure. Obedience to authority puts oneââ¬â¢s counterparts at risk. Obedience makes people blind to what they are truly doing allowing them to do evil things when instructed by an figure of authority. Stanley Milgram says, ââ¬Å"For many people obedience is a deeply ingrained behavior tendency, I indeed a potent impulse overriding training in ethics, empathy, and moral conduct.â⬠(217). In other words, people who are obedient to authority sometimes go against their own ethics, emotions, and moral conduct. This rejection of ethics puts other at risk. This idea was tested and proven in the Milgram experiment, which involved two volunteers serving as a teacher and a student. The teacher was required to read word pairs to the student, while the student needed to remember the word pair. The penalty for not remembering the pair was aShow MoreRelatedThe Perils Of Obedience By Stanley Milgram1506 Words à |à 7 Pagestotally catch the layman s creative energy as the submission tests led by Stanley Milgram. As one of only a handful couple of mental analyses to have such a consideration getting criticalness, Milgram found a concealed quality of the human mind that appeared to demonstrate a shrouded insane in even the most coy individual. Milgram presents his startling discoveries in The Perils of Obedience. By first investigating what Milgram is endeavoring to find in his examination of acquiescenceis that it isRead MoreThe Perils Of Obedience By Stanley Milgram950 Words à |à 4 PagesIn The Perils of Obedience, Stanley Milgram introduces us to his experimental studies on the conflict between oneââ¬â¢s own conscience and obedience to authority. From these experiments, Milgram discovered that a lot of people will obey a figure in authority; irrespective of the task given - even if it goes against their own moral belief and values. Milgramââ¬â¢s decision to conduct these experiments was to investigate the role of Adolf Eichmann (who played a major part in the Hol ocaust) and ascertain ifRead MoreThe Perils of Obedience, by Stanley Milgram1499 Words à |à 6 Pageswould you follow your direct orders? That is the question that Stanley Milgram, a psychologist at Yale University tested in the 1960ââ¬â¢s. Most people would answer ââ¬Å"no,â⬠to imposing pain on innocent human beings but Milgram wanted to go further with his study. Writing and Reading across the Curriculum holds a shortened edition of Stanley Milgramââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"The Perils of Obedience,â⬠where he displays an eye-opening experiment that tests the true obedience of people under authority figures. He observes that most peopleRead MoreObedience And Authority, By Stanley Milgram1156 Words à |à 5 Pagesbe generated. Obedience to Authority by Stanley Milgram, discusses various subjects such as impression, stereotypes and prejudices, attribution, attitudes, social influence, attraction, obedience and authority, groups, and helping behavior. Milgram explains, ââ¬Å" A person does not get to see the whole situation but only a small part of it, and is thus unable to act without some kind of over-all direction. He yields to authority but in doing so are alienated from his own actions.â⬠à (Milgram 11). In thisRead MoreThe Perils Of Obedience By Stanley Milgram918 Words à |à 4 Pages Stanley Milgram, an American social psychologist, aggrandized many minds as he delved into a very common habit that humans exhibit every day. One could infer that it was his curiosity which prompted him to write on this topic provided that he was born into a Jewish family. This topic is the human behavior of obedience. ââ¬Å"The Perils of Obedienceâ⬠was written by Stanley Milgram in 1974. This essay is based upon the findings of his experiment he conducted at Yale University in 1961. The objectiveRead MoreAnalysis Of Stanley Milgram s The Milgram Obedience 1587 Words à |à 7 PagesOne of the most well-known experimentations in submission in ps ychology the famous Milgram obedience study conducted by Stanley Milgram, social psychologist who worked at Yale University during the 1960s, and the ethical guidelines that should have been integrated with his research. Stanley Milgramââ¬â¢s aim was to study whether the German population were predominantly compliant to imposing figures which was a collective thought for the Nazi massacres that happened during the course of World War IIRead MoreThe Perils Of Obedience By Stanley Milgram757 Words à |à 4 PagesObedience above all In his article The Perils of Obedienceâ⬠, Stanley Milgram conducted an experiment to determine if the innate desire to obey an authority figure overrides the morality and consciousness that had been already established in a person. After Milgram conducted his experiments he concluded that 60% of the subjects complied to an authority figure rather than their own sympathy. There was additional testing outside the US which showed an even higher compliance rate. Milgram reasoned thatRead MoreObedience, By Stanley Milgram Tore1653 Words à |à 7 Pages I. Overview Out of all the topics we have gone over the course of this class, obedience fascinates me the most. It is perplexing, thought provoking, and morally confusing. Obedience is paramount to the structure of our society yet stories of destructive obedience haunt us. From the atrocities of the Holocaust to the massacres in Vietnam we glimpse at the horrors humans are capable of. All the while, perpetrators vindicate their actions with relative ease. The justification for every genocideRead MoreBehavioral Study Of Obedience By Stanley Milgram1053 Words à |à 5 PagesStudy of Obedienceâ⬠by Stanley Milgram (1963) Stanley Milgram Yale University Group 1: Wasis Ali, Christopher Okpala, Michelle Walden, Estefany Majano General Psychology 1010 Ms. Thompson Spring Semester, March 17, 2014 Introduction In 1961, The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology published an article by Stanley Milgram, a researcher at Yale University, and his study testing obedience towards political influence vs towards morals and values taught from an early age (Milgram, 1963)Read MoreStanley Milgram s Research On Obedience863 Words à |à 4 PagesStanley Milgram s groundbreaking studies on obedience certainly shocked the world with their electrifying results. The experiment that Milgram conducted included ordinary people delivering ââ¬Å"shocksâ⬠to an unknown subject, which caused much controversy to occur and raised many questions in the psychological world. Diana Baumrind, a psychologist at the University of California and one of Milgramââ¬â¢s colleagues, attacks Milgramââ¬â¢s ethics in her review. She decides that Milgram s tests are unethical towards
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Exemplification Separation of Church and State Essay Example For Students
Exemplification: Separation of Church and State Essay Because of my strong beliefs, I have been called the Antichrist, a witch, an atheist, and a Satanist. Fervent Christians have told me that my ââ¬Å"kindâ⬠is solely responsible for the downfall of American morals. à Actually, none of these labels fits me. I am not a witch because the only modern religion to practice witchcraft is Wicca (American Heritage 1381), and I am not a Wiccan. I am not a Satanist because modern Satanists do not believe in Satan as an actual entity; instead, they follow a religion of the self, as the founder of the Church of Satan, Anton LaVey, put it. (LaVey 1) Satanists also belong to an organization such as the Church of Satan or the Temple of Set, and I do not belong to any such organization. I do not call myself an atheist because atheists tend to not have well-developed ethical systems. I am a secular humanist. This means that I have no belief in supernatural beings or forces (gods or goddesses, angels, demons, leprechauns, etc.); that rational thought is more important to me than blind faith; and that I value freedom of expression, belief, and inquiry. à Now, because I value freedom of belief, it doesnt bother me that people think these things about me. If they want to believe that I fly through the air on a broomstick to a Satan-worshipping orgy, thats their misunderstanding. If they want to think my life is more exciting than it really is, theyre welcome. What bothers me is the way that religious bigotry extends to the highest levels of government. George Bush was quoted as saying, I dont know that atheists should be considered as citizens, nor should they be considered patriots. This is one nation under God. (Quotes 5) The problem is that the first amendment states that C. . of the majority, the minority endures oppression. The quality of government suffers when it has been mixed too much with religion, and the quality of religious motives suffer when they have been polluted by political motives. à Lets move to a true separation of church and state. à Works Cited American Heritage Dictionary, 2nd. College Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1982. Blue Laws. Barrons Concise Students Encyclopedia. 1993 ed. LaVey, Anton. The Worlds Most Feared Religion. Cloven Hoof, Issue 127. Scott (Last name unknown). Quotes. 6 pp. Online. Internet. 13 Jan. 1997. Available http://www.paranoia.com/~wcs/quotes.htm Worbois, Dean. Founding Faiths. 3 pp. Online. Internet. 13 Jan. 1997. Available http://www.postfun.com/worbois.html Note: this document has been moved here webmaster, 11/25/97
Tuesday, April 14, 2020
Apophasis in Rhetoric
Apophasis in Rhetoric Apophasis is a rhetorical term for the mention of something in disclaiming intention of mentioning itor pretending to deny what is really affirmed. Adjective: apophatic or apophantic. Also called denial or omission.à Similar to paralepsis and praeteritio. The Oxford English Dictionary defines apophasis by quoting John Smiths The Mysterie of Rhetorique Unvaild (1657): a kind of Irony, whereby we deny that we say or doe that which we especially say or doe. Bryan Garner notes thatà [s]everal set phrases in our language signalà apophasis, such as not to mention, to say nothing of, and it goes without saying (Garners Modern English Usage, 2016).à Etymology:à From the Greek, denial Pronunciation:à ah-POF-ah-sis Examples Jeff FisherWe dont make excuses, but three of our four starting defensive linemen were watching the game today.Michele BachmannI find it interesting that it was back in the 1970s that the swine flu broke out then under another Democrat president, Jimmy Carter. And Iââ¬â¢m not blaming this on President Obama. I just think itââ¬â¢s an interesting coincidence.Jacob V. LamarAt a White House press conference, a reporter working for a journal published by Extremist Lyndon LaRouche asked the President about rumors that Michael Dukakis once sought psychological help. Look, [President] Reagan replied with a smile, Im not going to pick on an invalid.Richard M. NixonLet me say, incidentally, that my opponent, my opposite number for the Vice Presidency on the Democratic ticket, does have his wife on the payroll and has had ither on his payroll for the ten yearsfor the past ten years. Now just let me say this: Thats his business, and Im not critical of him for doing that. You will have to p ass judgment on that particular point. San Fernando RedIm not going to throw mud at my opponent because hes a fine man. And his wife is a mighty fine woman. Mighty fine. What he sees in that dame hes running around with...The GuardianMary Matlin, the Bush campaigns political director, made the point with ruthless venom at a press briefing in Washington, saying, The larger issue is that Clinton is evasive and slick. We have never said to the press that he is a philandering, pot-smoking, draft-dodger. Theres nothing nefarious or subliminal going on.Robert Downey Jr., Iron Man 2Im not saying Im responsible for this countrys longest run of uninterrupted peace in 35 years! Im not saying that from the ashes of captivity, never has a phoenix metaphor been more personified! Im not saying Uncle Sam can kick back on a lawn chair, sipping on an iced tea, because I havent come across anyone man enough to go toe to toe with me on my best day! Its not about me.John MiltonI shall ignore the fact that Learning is youths finest ornament, the strong support of the prime of life, and the consolation of old age. I shall make no point of the fact that, after careers full of achievement and glory, many of the men who have been most honored by their contemporaries and many of the most eminent of the Romans withdrew from the conflict and hurly-burly of ambition to literary studies, as to a harbor and a delightful treat. Mayor Massimo CacciariIts not my habit to comment on books that dont interest me or, for various reasons, I dont like.Geoff DyerSo even though youââ¬â¢ve seen fit to wash your dirty linen in public like this, shorty, I will refrain from mentioning that it wasnââ¬â¢t me who turned up at the Islington Tennis Centre wearing a Rastafarian headband. 15ââ¬â0! I also wonââ¬â¢t sink low enough to point out that while I may have been the crappiest player of this quartet, my game would presumably have gotten off to a better start if, like you and Byng, Iââ¬â¢d lived in a stately home with a tennis court in the back garden. 30ââ¬â0! Byng: Iââ¬â¢ll forget that you still owe me for your share of the indoor-court fee for that game on Januaryà 20, 2013. 40ââ¬â0! As for Ardu, the world is better off not knowing about those famously dodgy line calls. Game, set, and match! Thomas Gibbons and Cicero on Apophasis Thomas GibbonsApophasis, or denial, is a Figure by which an Orator pretends to conceal or omit what he really and in fact declares.Cicero gives us a definition of this Figure, and furnishes us at the same time with instances of it in the following passage: Omission, says he, is when we say we pass over, or do not know, or will not mention, that which we declare with the utmost force. As in this manner: I might speak concerning your youth, which you have spent in the most abandoned profligacy, if I apprehended this was a proper season, but I now purposely wave it. I pass by the report of the Tribunes, who declared that you was [sic] defective in your military duty. The affair about the satisfaction concerning the injuries you had done to Labeo does not belong to the matter at hand: I say nothing of these things; I return to the subject of our present debate. . . .
Wednesday, March 11, 2020
Reporting Money to Customs at the Canadian Border
Reporting Money to Customs at the Canadian Border When traveling to and from Canada, there are rules surrounding what youre allowed to bring into and out of the country. Canadians returning home must declare any goods they purchased or otherwise acquired while out of the country. This includes things like gifts, prizes, and awards, including items that will be shipped later. Anything purchased at a Canadian or foreign duty-free shop also must be declared.à A good rule of thumb when returning to Canada through customs: If youre not sure whether or notà something needs to be declared, its better to declare it and clear it with border personnel. It would be much worse to fail to declare something that officers discover later. Officials can seize any goods being illegally imported into Canada and, ifà caught, youre likely to face penalties and fines. If you try to bring a firearm or other weapon into Canada without declaring it, you could face criminal charges. Bringing Money Into Canada There are no limits to the amount of money that travelers may bring into or take out of Canada. However, amounts of $10,000 or more must be reported to customs officials at the Canadian border.à Anyone who fails to report amounts of $10,000 or more could find their funds seized, and face a penalty betweenà $250 and $500. If you are carrying $10,000 or more in coins, domestic and foreign bank notes, securities such as travelers checks, stocks, and bonds, you must complete a Cross-Border Currency or Monetary Instruments Report - Individual Form E677. If the money is not your own, you should complete Form E667 Cross-Border Currency or Monetary Instruments Report - General. The form should be signed and handed to a customs officer for review. Completed forms are sent to the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Center of Canada (FINTRAC) for assessment and analysis. Non-Canadians Visiting Canada Anyone bringing goods into Canada must declare them to a border officer. This rule applies to cash and other items of monetary value. Its a good idea to have some idea of exchange rates because the minimum amount required to be declared is $10,000 in Canadian dollars. Personal Exemptions for Returning Canadians Canadian residents or temporary residents returning to Canada from a trip outside the country and former Canadian residents returning to live in Canada may qualify for personal exemptions. This allows them to bring a certain value of goods into Canada without having to pay the regular duties. Theyll still have to pay duties, taxes and any provincial/territory assessments on the value of goods above the personal exemption. Future Issues at the Border The Canada Border Services Agency keeps a record of violations. Travelers into and out of Canada who develop a record of infractions may have issues crossing the border in the future and may be subject to more detailed examinations. Tip: The best course of action for anyone entering Canada, whether youre a citizen or not, is to have your identification and travel documents readily available.à Be honest and be patient, and youll be on your way quickly.
Monday, February 24, 2020
Mass media criticism - semiological analysis from ads Essay
Mass media criticism - semiological analysis from ads - Essay Example to their audience by shaping and lending significance to their ââ¬Å"experience of realityâ⬠through the use of ââ¬Å"non-verbal semiotic messagesâ⬠(Najafian & Ketabi 64-65). The ad under discussion also uses images and text effectively to lure its audience to the product through its appeal to their sense of semiotics and aesthetics. The ad is set in pitch black background that highlights both the red font of the text message as well as the red jacket of the female in the picture. This tactic draws the viewerââ¬â¢s attention to the image and holds it there as he or she will feel intrigued to know what the whole story is about. On the other hand, the manââ¬â¢s face only is clear, which prompts the viewer to look closer and pay focused attention on the image. Once the audience gets a clear idea that the couple is attempting to kiss, leaning out of their cars going in different ways, it makes them think about the message. Obviously, what Diesel want to say is, ââ¬Å"We even unite people from different levels through our product,â⬠or ââ¬Å"No matter where people head, our product makes them pause and take notice.â⬠The image provides a sense that the man and woman, despite their different purposes and intentions, are united by the singularity of the brandââ¬â¢s appeal to them. The brand mostly targets youngsters and the image as well as message will immensely appeal to such an audience. The text message ââ¬Å"Smart Listens to the Head, Stupid Listens to the Heartâ⬠challenges the popular notion that smart is better by appealing to the emotions of the audience rather than their intelligence. Besides, the image connotes to a carefree attitude and a liberal way of life, which will also have immense appeal to the younger generation as well as the older generation who think differently. Similarly, the ad also accentuates a passion for life, and Dieselââ¬â¢s motto of doing things ââ¬Å"differently from othersâ⬠(Saviolo & Marazza 100). Thus, while reflecting the lightheartedness of
Saturday, February 8, 2020
LEGAL STUDIES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
LEGAL STUDIES - Essay Example ..â⬠1 Therefore, it was his duty to preserve the information received by him by fax as secret. Being a civil servant, he must have had some experience in making difference between secret information and public one. Geoffrey might be found guilty under subsection 1, Section3 of the Act (1) as being ââ¬Å"A person who is or has been a Crown servant or government contractor is guilty of an offence if without lawful authority he makes a damaging disclosure ofââ¬â(a)any information, document or other article relating to international relations.â⬠Geoffrey told his wife Jean about the information in the fax without lawful authority, as required by the law. According to Section 7 of the Act For the purposes of this Act, authorized disclosure is defined as ââ¬Å"a disclosure by a Crown servant is made with lawful authority if, and only if, it is made in accordance with his official duty.â⬠Geoffrey did not have the necessary authorization to disclose that kind of informa tion and therefore, he should have kept it to himself. On the other hand, Geoffrey might have not known that this information was secret, as the case description speaks about a secret agreement between Government ministers and the United Nations that no exact figures would be given as to the number involved. Therefore, he might raise the defence provided by the Official Secrets Act 1989, in Section 3, subsection (4), which stipulates that: ââ¬Å"It is a defence for a person charged with an offence under this section to prove that at the time of the alleged offence he did not know, and had no reasonable cause to believe, that the information, document or article in question was such as is mentioned in subsection (1) above or that its disclosure would be damaging within the meaning of that subsection.â⬠If Geoffrey can prove that he was not aware that the information was confidential and its disclosure would be damaging, he might avoid being held liable for disclosing it. On the other hand, by telling his wife, whom he, of course, knew that is a journalist, it must have occurred to his mind that his wife, as any journalist, might use that information in her own interest and make it public. I believe that Geoffrey, as a Crown servant, should have acted with caution as regards the information and find out if it is secret or not before passing it to other parties. His wife, on the other hand, might be held liable for publishing this information under Section 5 of the Act, within the provisions of which she might fall. Section 5 (2) stipulates that: ââ¬Å"Subject to subsections (3) and (4) below, the person into whose possession the information, document or article has come is guilty of an offence if he discloses it without lawful authority knowing, or having reasonable cause to believe, that it is protected against disclosure by the foregoing provisions of this Act and that it has come into his possession as mentioned in subsection (1) above.â⬠So, unle ss the disclosure was not damaging, Jean can be held liable under the Act. This is the case of the information passed to Jean by her husband, as he entrusted her that information, in accordance with Subsection 1, Section 5 of the Act. Geoffrey should have warned his wife about the importance of the information and the necessity to keep it secret. This is applicable, unless Geoffrey intentionally told his wife about t
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)